Portosystemic shunts can be diagnosed via several methods including:

Abdominal ultrasound
Nuclear scintigraphy
Abdominal CT scan
Cranial mesenteric arteriograms

Abdominal ultrasound is considered the least invasive. However, it only has approximately 70% sensitivity (ability to diagnose a portosystemic shunt when present). Abdominal CT scan and cranial mesenteric arteriograms require general anesthesia and are costly, but they provide the anatomy of the shunting vessel. Nuclear scintigraphy is considered the gold standard (best test available) test and it is non-invasive. Nonetheless, patients become radioactive for 12-24 hours. This may require an overnight stay in the hospital.

Medical management of liver shunts is done via controlling clinical signs. This is best attained by using a combination of diet, antibiotics and laxatives. Treatment is tailored to each individual patient.

Internal Medicine

What is an internal medicine specialist?

A board-certified veterinary internal medicine specialist is a licensed veterinarian who has obtained several years of intensive, additional training to understand how your pet's internal body systems function and to improve their ability to diagnose and treat the many serious diseases that can affect the health of those systems. 

These veterinarians (and our internal medicine department is certainly no exception) also have access to diagnostic equipment more advanced than that typically available at a primary care veterinary practice, like sophisticated ultrasound systems or video endoscopes.

Why would my pet need the services of a veterinarian who specializes in internal medicine?

Some diseases are extremely difficult to diagnose or treat properly without advanced training and equipment. 

-When the diagnosis is known, an internal medicine specialist may confirm the diagnosis and treatment, providing peace of mind to pet owners. 

-If a diagnosis is proving elusive or therapy is not proving effective, a specialist may be better able to find the diagnosis or adjust treatment plans to get your animal back to health. 

Examples of conditions for which your family veterinarian might refer your animal to an internal medicine service include:

-Anemia or other bleeding disorders
-Chronic vomiting or diarrhea
-Complicated pancreatic disease
-Coughing & other breathing problems
-Endocrine disease (adrenal tumors, complicated diabetes, thyroid disorders)
-Infectious disease
-Kidney or bladder disease
-Liver inflammation
-Unexplained weight loss

What should I expect during my visit with the internal medicine department?

The doctor will review your pet's record thoroughly before his or her visit in order to understand the medical background of his or her case. A detailed history will be collected during the visit, and the patient will receive a complete physical exam from the doctor as well. Based on the records, the history, and the exam, the doctor will discuss possible additional diagnostics or treatments with you. 

What will happen once my pet has a diagnosis?


After the doctor arrives at a diagnosis, we can discuss issues such as treatment, prognosis, quality of life and other issues. If your pet requires hospitalization, our 24 hour intensive care unit can provide round the clock doctor and nursing care.

Our Internal Medicine Services

Pain Management
Abdominocentesis
Arthrocentesis
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

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